Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u201erozhovory o kone\u010dn\u00e9m stavu\u201c Kosova dokon\u010d\u00ed imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n
V listopadu 2005 uplynula dek\u00e1da od USA sponzorovan\u00e9 konference konan\u00e9 v Daytonu(st\u00e1t Ohio), kter\u00e1 ukon\u010dila bosenskou v\u00e1lkou. V\u00fdsledkem byla m\u00edrov\u00e1 dohoda, kter\u00e1 uzav\u0159ela prvn\u00ed kolo Z\u00e1padem poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho rozpadu Jugosl\u00e1vie (1) \u2013 p\u016fvodn\u00ed federace ji\u017en\u00edch Slovan\u016f, kter\u00e1 vedla b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed ( v sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 114 \u010dlen\u016f, pozn. Mess<\/em>).<\/p>\n D\u016fkladn\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00e1 Bosna, slo\u017een\u00e1 ze srbsk\u00e9 a muslimsko-chorvatsk\u00e9 \u201eentity\u201c, byla um\u00edst\u011bna pod vl\u00e1du z\u00e1padem instalovan\u00e9ho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho guvern\u00e9ra. Takzvan\u00fd \u201evysok\u00fd z\u00e1stupce\u201c s jeho obrovsk\u00fdmi pravomocemi m\u011bl m\u00edt \u00fadajn\u011b pouze do\u010dasn\u00fd mand\u00e1t. V prosinci 1997 byl mand\u00e1t prodlou\u017een na neur\u010dito.(2)<\/p>\n Od sv\u00e9ho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u00da\u0159ad vysok\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce rychle nahromadil ohromnou moc nad fungov\u00e1n\u00edm bosensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkonnou pravomoc odstra\u0148ovat lidmi zvolen\u00e9 z\u00e1stupce, vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edky, rozpou\u0161t\u011bt oblastn\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, jmenovat politiky, cenzurovat m\u00e9dia a dal\u0161\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dekret\u016f\/v\u00fdnos\u016f. \u201eMezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u201c v podstat\u011b p\u0159evzalo \u201ekompletn\u00ed a legislativn\u00ed v\u00fdkonnou moc nad Bosnou\u201c, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed hlavn\u00ed kritik Daytonu David Chandler (3).<\/p>\n Z\u00e1padn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy se podr\u017eely standardn\u00edho vzoru, a \u0161ly v z\u00e1v\u011bsu za sv\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm Trojsk\u00fdm kon\u011bm. Evropsk\u00e1 banka pro rekonstrukci a rozvoj (EBRD) zastoupen\u00e1 takzvanou Komis\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na privatizaci bosensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f. (4) I kdy\u017e proces \u201epokra\u010duje pomalu\u201c \u2013 k nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mrzutosti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed \u2013 jen mezi roky 1999-2003 bylo zprivatizov\u00e1no nejm\u00e9n\u011b 1.284 spole\u010dnost\u00ed. (5)<\/p>\n Bosna se stala p\u0159\u00edkladem nikoliv \u201ehumanit\u00e1rn\u00edho z\u00e1sahu\u201c jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, ale p\u0159\u00edkladem imperi\u00e1ln\u00edho dobyt\u00ed. V podobn\u00e9m koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm re\u017eimu daytonsk\u00e9ho typu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed i Kosovo \u2013 ji\u017en\u00ed srbsk\u00e1 autonomn\u00ed provincie. Po \u0161esti letech okupace NATO\/EU, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edch\u00e1zela Ameri\u010dany \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 nemilosrdn\u00e1 bombardovac\u00ed kampa\u0148 v roce 1999, dala Rada bezpe\u010dnosti OSN po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed rozhovor\u016f o budouc\u00edm statusu provincie. Ale imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dci u\u017e d\u00e1vno rozhodli o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u201erozhovory\u201c maj\u00ed pouze poskytnout diplomatick\u00e9 p\u0159ikr\u00e1\u0161len\u00ed jejich dikt\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n Jist\u011b pamatujete na v\u00e1lku NATO proti Jugosl\u00e1vii. Z\u00e1padn\u00edmu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed byla pod\u00e1v\u00e1na jako \u201ehumanit\u00e1rn\u00ed\u201c odezva na (neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed) genocidu Slobodana Milo\u0161evi\u010de v Kosovu. Ve skute\u010dnosti to nebylo nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed USA\/EU ve zni\u010den\u00ed Jugosl\u00e1vie, procesu, kter\u00fd za\u010dal o hodn\u011b d\u0159\u00edve. Dokonce i po odtr\u017een\u00edch na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90t\u00fdch let, se Jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e1 federace Srbska a \u010cern\u00e9 Hory dr\u017eela \u2013 a vzdorovala \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho kolonialismu v oblasti. Milo\u0161evi\u010d\u016fv st\u00e1t nebyl \u010dlenem NATO, WTO, IMF, nebo Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky. Cel\u00fdch 75 procent pr\u016fmyslu bylo st\u00e1le ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm, nebo spole\u010densk\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed. Z\u00e1pad nemohl tolerovat tohle vzdorn\u00e9 protahov\u00e1n\u00ed proti jeho po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vp\u00e1d situaci hrav\u011b urovnal. Stejn\u011b jako b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed v\u00e1lky v z\u00e1livu ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci bombardovali daleko v\u00edce civiln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, ne\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 bitevn\u00ed pole. Naproti 14ti zni\u010den\u00fdm jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fdm tank\u016fm bylo zni\u010deno 327 pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch center \u2013 z nich\u017e ani jedno nepat\u0159ilo ciz\u00edmu vlastn\u00edkovi. (6) Jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fd \u010cerven\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed krveprolit\u00ed hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201ez\u00e1sadn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 ekonomiky byla zni\u010dena. Zni\u010den\u00ed tov\u00e1ren a vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch podnik\u016f p\u0159esahovalo \u0161kodu 100 miliard USD. Zni\u010den\u00ed petrochemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, stejn\u011b jako \u00fa\u010dinek chemick\u00fdch hnojiv zp\u016fsobilo neodhadnuteln\u00e9 \u0161kody v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a \u017eivot\u011b jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a d\u016fsledky nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 odstranit po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta. NATO bombardovalo jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 silnice a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, vy\u0159adilo z provozu p\u0159es 50 most\u016f, v\u0161echna leti\u0161t\u011b, \u010detn\u00e9 \u017eeleznice a autobusov\u00e9 stanice.\u201c (7)<\/p>\n Obrovsk\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch\u201c organizac\u00ed veden\u00fdch NATO a EU p\u0159evzala po skon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky kontrolu nad Kosovem. Rezoluce Rady bezpe\u010dnosti 1244 potom poskytla leg\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jejich vojensk\u00e9 okupaci. Jako v Bosn\u011b, i zde n\u00e1sledovala invaze korporac\u00ed: Kosovsk\u00e1 trustov\u00e1 agentura (Kosovo Trust Agency) se ned\u00e1vno chlubila, \u017ee \u201ezaznamenala \u00fasp\u011bch\u2026s vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm \u0161est\u00e9ho kola privatizace,\u201c v\u010detn\u011b \u201ezaregistrov\u00e1n\u00ed prodejn\u00edch nab\u00eddek\u201c ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5mil.eur (8). K\u00fd\u017een\u00fdm drahokamem je obrovsk\u00fd d\u016fln\u00ed komplex Trep\u010da, jeho\u017e cena se odhaduje na 5miliard USD. Tento d\u016fl v dob\u011b druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy byl uko\u0159ist\u011bn nacisty, dod\u00e1val n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu zbrojn\u00edmu pr\u016fmyslu 40 procent jeho spot\u0159eby olova. Krom\u011b toho byla v Kosovu vybudov\u00e1na trval\u00e1 americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna Camp Bondsteel, kter\u00e1 zab\u00edr\u00e1 cel\u00fdch 775 akr\u016f. (9)<\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00ed kolonie Z\u00e1padu: Kosovo pod \u201epodm\u00edne\u010dnou nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed\u201c<\/p>\n Kosovo p\u0159es z\u0159ejmou nadvl\u00e1du NATO a EU je je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le ofici\u00e1ln\u011b \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Srbska. To se m\u00e1 zm\u011bnit. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di si p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pod \u201epodm\u00edn\u011bnou nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed\u201c \u2013 leg\u00e1ln\u00edm osvobozen\u00edm od Srbska, fakticky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed protektor\u00e1t provozovan\u00fd stejn\u011b jako Bosna. Jurisdikce bude p\u0159evedena od Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kde je nyn\u00ed, k EU a NATO. Ve skute\u010dnosti bude \u201enez\u00e1visl\u00e9\u201c Kosovo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koloni\u00ed Z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n V tomto bod\u011b Z\u00e1pad je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le zkou\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edst\u00edrat postoj \u201epoctiv\u00e9ho zprost\u0159edkovatele\u201c oddan\u00e9ho dohod\u011b, kter\u00e1 bude p\u0159ijateln\u00e1 pro v\u0161echny strany. Jenom\u017ee souvisl\u00fd proud tiskov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v u\u017e prozradil jak se v\u011bci maj\u00ed. Jak sd\u011blil agentu\u0159e Reuters \u201evy\u0161\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00fd diplomat\u201c : \u201e podm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed shodou v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u201c; \u201eNejz\u0159ejm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obdobou by byl \u00da\u0159ad vysok\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce v Bosn\u011b.\u201c (10)<\/p>\n Stejn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ned\u00e1vno navrhnul Kai Eide, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zmocn\u011bnec Kofiho Annana pro Srbsko a \u010cernou Horu. Eide byl pov\u011b\u0159en p\u0159ipravit p\u0159ehled situace v Kosovu a navrhnout zda mohou za\u010d\u00edt jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o statusu, nebo ne. Eide navrhnul, \u017ee by jedn\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt m\u011bla, a dokonce ud\u011blal mnoho pokoutn\u00fdch\/lstiv\u00fdch (\u201eunderhanded\u201c) n\u00e1vrh\u016f, jak\u00fd by mohla dopadnout.<\/p>\n Bez ohledu na to, co se stane \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u2013 vojensk\u00e1 i civiln\u00ed\u201c \u201abude pot\u0159ebn\u00e1\u2018 k realizov\u00e1n\u00ed dohody. (11) To znamen\u00e1, sou\u010dasn\u00e1 okupace bude bezohledn\u011b pokra\u010dovat. \u201eEU\u2026 bude muset hr\u00e1t nejprominentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli\u201c, proto\u017ee \u201ebude m\u00edt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv a schopnost\/opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed nab\u00eddnout vyhl\u00eddky v r\u00e1mci evropsk\u00e9ho intergra\u010dn\u00edhoprocesu\u201c; jin\u00fdmi slovy, EU bude urychlovat p\u0159eorganizov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kosovsk\u00e9 ekonomiky podle vzoru \u201avoln\u00e9ho trhu\u2018. NATO bude samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 muset \u201epokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.\u201c (12)<\/p>\n Eide d\u00e1le doslova \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee OSN bude muset ustoupit ze sv\u00e9 nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozice a poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ehlavn\u00ed role\u201c bude \u201euchopena jin\u00fdmi\u201c \u2013 pokud n\u011bco zpr\u00e1va nazna\u010duje, ta jedin\u011b NATO a EU. \u201eBude muset b\u00fdt \u201ezv\u00e1\u017een\u201c \u201e \u00da\u0159ad vysok\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce, nebo n\u011bjak\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c co\u017e bude \u201epevn\u011b p\u0159ipevn\u011bno k EU\u201c za \u00fa\u010dasti dal\u0161\u00edch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sil, \u201ezvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b USA\u201c. Tohle politick\u00e9 \u201ep\u0159enastaven\u00ed\u201c se bude konat \u201ekoordinovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem\u201c \u2013 my\u0161leno \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed posv\u011bcen\u00ed od OSN. (13)<\/p>\n Jak se stalo ji\u017e v minulosti, EU a USA se spoj\u00ed k n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch imperi\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f: Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty budou podporovat z nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 odtr\u017een\u00ed Kosova od Srbska, a NATO tomu bude n\u00e1sledn\u011b dod\u00e1vat vojenskou s\u00edlu. Vysok\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel americk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Nicolas Burns dal ned\u00e1vno v t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eistosti pokyny sen\u00e1tu. I kdy\u017e u\u010dinil n\u011bkter\u00e9 objektivn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky, \u201ediplomat\u00e9 sd\u011blili, \u017ee Burnsova \u0159e\u010d byla jasn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem, \u017ee se USA d\u00edvaj\u00ed na nez\u00e1vislost p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b\u201c napsaly The Financial Times. (14) Reuters zase napsala, \u017ee Burns\u016fv projev byl \u201esoust\u0159ed\u011bn hlavn\u011b na dosa\u017een\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti (pro Kosovo)\u201c (15). Dal\u0161\u00ed bonus p\u0159idal je\u0161t\u011b Richard Holbrooke \u2013 b\u00fdval\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed a architekt smluv z Daytonu, kter\u00e9 se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il, \u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 \u201anez\u00e1vislost\u2018 Kosova vede k rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed unie Srbska a \u010cern\u00e9 Hory, efektivn\u00edmu zni\u010den\u00ed posledn\u00edho poz\u016fstatku jednoty ji\u017en\u00edch Slovan\u016f. (16)<\/p>\n Nen\u00ed pochyb, \u017ee B\u011blehrad u\u017e v\u00ed, \u017ee ztratil Kosovo \u2013 srbsk\u00fd Jeruzal\u00e9m \u2013 nav\u017edy. B\u011bhem \u201ajedn\u00e1n\u00ed\u2018 se bude sna\u017eit z\u00edskat za p\u0159ijet\u00ed accompli fait maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastupky z\u00e1padu. Srbsko opravdu nem\u00e1 na v\u00fdb\u011br nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e souhlas se sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm rozkouskov\u00e1n\u00edm. Pokud se bude pokou\u0161et vzdorovat, Brusel a Washington budou izolovat jeho proz\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1du t\u00edm, \u017ee mu odep\u0159ou \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO a EU. (17) Zem\u011b byla v 90t\u00fdch letech zdrcena sankcemi, a u\u017e nen\u00ed v pozici, kdy by mohla vzdorovat, a tak\u00e9 k tomu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n Toto n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed rozdroben\u00ed a poroben\u00ed je p\u0159esn\u011b tou v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u011blo p\u0159edej\u00edt zalo\u017een\u00edm jihoslovanstv\u00ed (\u201eJugoslavism\u201c). Pouze sjednocen\u00edm balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch Slovan\u016f do siln\u00e9 unie mohly tyto n\u00e1rody doufat, \u017ee ubr\u00e1n\u00ed svoje z\u00e1jmy a odraz\u00ed ciz\u00ed naru\u0161itele. Imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly v\u017edy souhlasily. Stolet\u00ed a p\u016fl po sv\u00e9m zrozen\u00ed byl \u201esen ji\u017en\u00edch Slovan\u016f\u201c nakonec zabit; a diplomat\u00e9 v\u0161ude po Bruselu a Washingtonu se usm\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n Notes:<\/p>\n [1] The somewhat vague term ‚Western‘ is often used in this article. It refers to the US, NATO, EU, and various associated institutions. Further clarification is often neglectedbecause in many ways the conquest of Yugoslavia has been a joint project of thesebodies.<\/p>\n [2] For a detailed critique of the Dayton Accords, see David Chandler, „Bosnia: FakingDemocracy After Dayton“, (Pluto, 2000). For a more concise treatment of the sameissues, see Chandler’s essay „Bosnia: Prototype of a NATO Protectorate“ in Tariq Ali,ed., „Masters of the Universe? NATO’s Balkan Crusade“ (Verso, 2000).<\/p>\n [3] Chandler, „Bosnia: Prototype of a NATO Protectorate“, pg 274.<\/p>\n [4] Kate Hudson, „Breaking the South Slav Dream: The Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia“, (Pluto, 2003), pg 105.<\/p>\n [5] Agency for Privatization in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, „Results ofprivatization in the period 1999-2003“, press release, 30 June 2004.<\/p>\n [6] Neil Clark, „The spoils of another war: Five years after Nato’s attack on Yugoslavia,its administration in Kosovo is pushing through mass privatization“, The Guardian, 21September 2004.<\/p>\n [7] Quoted by Hudson, pg. 133.<\/p>\n [8] SEE Online, „Kosovo Trust Agency record achievements“, 06 November 2005.<\/p>\n [9] John Pilger, „Calling the Kosovo Humanitarians to Account“, the New Statesman, 13December 2004.<\/p>\n [10] Matthew Robinson, „Kosovo destined for independence, but on probation“, Reuters, 12 October 2005.<\/p>\n [11] Kai Eide, „A Comprehensive Review of the Situation in Kosovo“, United Nationsreport, 07 October 2005. Full text available online atwww.kosovo.com\/images\/eide_oct0705.pdf<\/p>\n [12] Eide, pg. 16.<\/p>\n [13] Eide, pages 15 and 16.<\/p>\n [14] Guy Dinmore, „US backs Kosovo incentives for Serbs“, Financial Times online, 09November 2005.<\/p>\n [15] Saul Hudson, „US: Serbia can’t join NATO without Kosovo Solution“, Reuters, 08November 2005.<\/p>\n [16] S. Hudson, „US: Serbia can’t join NATO without Kosovo Solution“.<\/p>\n [17] Rueters, „Independence only way forward for Kosovo: Holbrooke“, 08 November2005. Holbrooke says: „I cannot see any final status for Kosovo other thanindependence…in the end, the Serbs will have to choose between Brussels and Kosovo,its as brutal as that“.<\/p>\n