{"id":1129,"date":"2006-07-28T22:24:11","date_gmt":"2006-07-28T21:24:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/?p=1129"},"modified":"2016-01-31T22:24:37","modified_gmt":"2016-01-31T21:24:37","slug":"posledni-pocta-zemi-jmenem-jugoslavie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/?p=1129","title":{"rendered":"Posledn\u00ed pocta zemi jm\u00e9nem Jugosl\u00e1vie"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Petr Schnur, Hannover<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>O poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch na\u0161ich babi\u010dek se nakonec v\u017edy dalo \u0159\u00edci \u201ekonec dobr\u00fd v\u0161echno dobr\u00e9\u201c. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy na\u0161eho sv\u011bta nejsou babi\u010d\u010diny poh\u00e1dky, a tak v\u011bt\u0161ina nekon\u010d\u00ed moc \u0161\u0165astn\u011b. Dobr\u00e9ho konce se nedo\u010dkal ani p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zem\u011b zvan\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie, jej\u00ed\u017e posledn\u00ed zbytek zanedlouho zmiz\u00ed z politick\u00e9 mapy Evropy. Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm nez\u00e1vislosti \u010cern\u00e9 Hory nastal posledn\u00ed akt dramatu, z \u010d\u00e1sti krvav\u00e9ho, z\u010d\u00e1sti absurdn\u00edho, nemaj\u00edc\u00ed v modern\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 historii obdoby.<\/p>\n<p>Jak v\u0161ichni v\u00edme, rozpad jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 federace nen\u00ed jedinou kauzou sv\u00e9ho druhu, spolu s n\u00ed zanikly \u010ceskoslovensko a Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to, co jsme z\u0159ejm\u011b vzali na v\u011bdom\u00ed jako samoz\u0159ejmost, n\u011bco \u201ep\u0159irozen\u00e9ho\u201c, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fsledek komunismu, se p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm a hlavn\u011b v\u011bcn\u00e9m zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017ee jako vysoce ambivalentn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost, kter\u00e1 zdaleka nemusela dopadnout tak, jak dopadla: transformace st\u00e1tu je\u0161t\u011b nemus\u00ed znamenat jeho zni\u010den\u00ed. Co tyto t\u0159i ud\u00e1losti maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, jak\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed dynamika a jak\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlaky p\u0159i nich p\u016fsobily, uk\u00e1\u017ee budoucnost. Mnoh\u00e9 nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee \u010dinitel\u016f bylo v\u00edc, ne\u017e se dnes v\u0161eobecn\u011b soud\u00ed. Jednu v\u011bc m\u016f\u017eeme na pozad\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje a re\u00e1ln\u00e9 situace v doty\u010dn\u00fdch zem\u00edch konstatovat ji\u017e dnes: sobeckost a bezohlednost men\u0161iny zv\u00edt\u011bzila nad z\u00e1jmy v\u011bt\u0161iny.<\/p>\n<p>O co tedy \u0161lo? Obecn\u011b a furiantsky bychom mohli \u0159\u00edci toto: rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu byla z\u00e1hada, \u010ceskoslovenska hloupost a Jugosl\u00e1vie\u2026 Jak by s vlastn\u011b pospat rozpad tohoto st\u00e1tu? Jako zlo\u010din a trag\u00e9die? Z\u0159ejm\u011b. Ale zlo\u010din koho? Odpov\u011b\u010f by mohli d\u00e1t str\u016fjci \u201enov\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed si usurpovali ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed.\u201c P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 tohoto z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho spolku, s.r.o., kter\u00fd pov\u00fd\u0161il s\u00e1m sebe na soudce a exekutora v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b, po cel\u00e9 roky pe\u010dliv\u011b p\u011bstovali v m\u00e9di\u00edch obraz krvela\u010dn\u00e9ho Srba a jeho bezbrann\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed, nejprve Slovinc\u016f a Chorvat\u016f, potom Muslim\u016f a nakonec Alb\u00e1nc\u016f. Stra\u0161idlo \u201eVelk\u00e9ho Srbska\u201c a jeho personifikovan\u00e9ho d\u00e9mona v podob\u011b Slobodana Milo\u0161evi\u010de obch\u00e1zely podle sna\u017eiv\u00fdch pis\u00e1lk\u016f a televizn\u00edch koment\u00e1tor\u016f Balk\u00e1n a nic na tom nezm\u011bnila skute\u010dnost, \u017ee hol\u00e1 fakta mluvila pon\u011bkud jinou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed. Ale tak to ji\u017e chod\u00ed, historii zkr\u00e1tka p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Za v\u00edt\u011bze se m\u016f\u017ee pova\u017eovat i \u010dernohorsk\u00fd playboy Djukanovi\u010d. Jako \u201espolehliv\u00fd partner mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u201c (origin\u00e1ln\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch politik\u016f p\u0159ed referendem i po n\u011bm) m\u016f\u017ee doufat v lep\u0161\u00ed \u010dasy, i kdy\u017e ty star\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nebyly \u0161patn\u00e9. Ve sv\u00e9 mini\u0159\u00ed\u0161i si tak jako tak d\u011blal co cht\u011bl v\u010detn\u011b zaveden\u00ed vlastn\u00ed m\u011bny (p\u0159edstavme si t\u0159eba Severn\u00ed Irsko s eurem). Ani mafi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 struktury v org\u00e1nech st\u00e1tu, zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed opozice, p\u0159ebujel\u00fd policejn\u00ed apar\u00e1t, kontrola m\u00e9di\u00ed, ani vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed cigaret veden\u00e9 italskou justic\u00ed (na Jadranu dostala \u010cern\u00e1 Hora p\u0159ezd\u00edvku Republika PhilipMorris), nic z toho neot\u0159\u00e1slo d\u016fv\u011brou Evropy a jejich pozorovatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Jugosl\u00e1vie podobn\u011b jako \u010ceskoslovensko nevznikla \u201eohn\u011bm a me\u010dem\u201c kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch dynasti\u00ed, jako tomu bylo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0160pan\u011blska, Francie, Anglie \u010di Turecka. U jejich kol\u00e9bky st\u00e1ly my\u0161lenky emancipace, vz\u00e1jemnosti a humanity. Nebyla o nic v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u201eum\u011bl\u00fd slepenec\u201c ne\u017e jak\u00fdm je Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, mimochodem jedin\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 zem\u011b s ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edvlastkem \u201eVelk\u00fd\u201c. Jak\u00fd to paradox, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b ona, kter\u00e1 sv\u00e9 imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bjiny hrd\u011b zv\u011b\u010dnila v n\u00e1zvu Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a kter\u00e1 dodnes vl\u00e1dne v jedn\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch rebeluj\u00edc\u00edch provinci\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm policie a arm\u00e1dy, byla jednou z hlavn\u00edch opor secesionist\u016f. Co je dop\u0159\u00e1no jednomu, nen\u00ed zkr\u00e1tka dop\u0159\u00e1no druh\u00e9mu, zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e nen\u00ed na t\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 stran\u011b barik\u00e1dy. Franjo Tudjman mohl vyhnat na \u010dtvrt milionu Srb\u016f z Krajiny a Tony Blair po libosti ru\u0161it v\u00edce symbolickou ne\u017e faktickou autonomii Severn\u00edho Irska, ani\u017e by z toho museli skl\u00e1dat \u00fa\u010dty v Rambouillet. A v Severn\u00edm Irsku, na Korsice, Baskicku, tureck\u00e9m Kurdist\u00e1nu a t\u0159eba i belgick\u00e9m Vl\u00e1msku se nepo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed ani referenda o samostatnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Vra\u0165me se ale k na\u0161\u00ed map\u011b Evropy. Je a\u017e zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed, jak nyn\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 konec 19.stolet\u00ed. S podivem jsme si nechali namluvit bajky o slepenc\u00edch a um\u011bl\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fatvarech od t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se emancipaci Jihoslovan\u016f, \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f zuby nehty br\u00e1nili a kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli v politick\u00e9m programu jejich zni\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u010d ve sv\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00ed obhajovac\u00ed \u0159e\u010di v Haagu uvedl, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch nezmizel jen tak n\u00e1hodou ze sv\u011bta a nerozplynul se ve vzduchu. Stephen J.Stedman, zn\u00e1m\u00fd americk\u00fd v\u011bdec, p\u0159ipomn\u011bl v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edku <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed premisu, ze kter\u00e9 muselo \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u201c vych\u00e1zet, pokud by k Jugosl\u00e1vii p\u0159istupovalo tak, jak to \u010dinilo a \u010din\u00ed v jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech:<em>\u201e..na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky neexistovaly Slovinsko a Srbsko, n\u00fdbr\u017e st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd se jmenoval Jugosl\u00e1vie.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159estane form\u00e1ln\u011b existovat i jeho posledn\u00ed torzo. St\u00e1t, na jeho\u017e vzniku se pod\u00edlel T.G. Masaryk a kter\u00fd n\u00e1m v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch srpna 1968 prok\u00e1zal doslova a do p\u00edsmene bratrskou solidaritu, p\u0159estal tak jako ten n\u00e1\u0161 \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd existovat. \u0160\u0165astn\u00e9 konce z poh\u00e1dek na\u0161ich babi\u010dek asi opravdu nepat\u0159\u00ed do tohoto sv\u011bta. Ale kdo v\u00ed, t\u0159eba si jednou v\u0161ichni vzpomeneme na v\u011btu b\u00e1sn\u00edkovu: \u201e<em>Roze\u0161li jsme se, abychom se op\u011bt se\u0161li.\u201c<\/em> P\u0159edpokladem je neb\u00fdt lhostejn\u00fd k vlastn\u00edm d\u011bjin\u00e1m. Lid\u00e9 si \u017eel \u010dasto uv\u011bdom\u00ed pravou hodnotu toho, co m\u011bli, a\u017e to ztrat\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u010cl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el v \u010dasopisu Konec konc\u016f \u010d.3\/2006<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Messin, 28.7.2006<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Petr Schnur, Hannover O poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch na\u0161ich babi\u010dek se nakonec v\u017edy dalo \u0159\u00edci \u201ekonec dobr\u00fd v\u0161echno dobr\u00e9\u201c. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy na\u0161eho sv\u011bta nejsou babi\u010d\u010diny poh\u00e1dky, a tak v\u011bt\u0161ina nekon\u010d\u00ed moc \u0161\u0165astn\u011b. Dobr\u00e9ho konce se nedo\u010dkal ani p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1130,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129\/revisions\/1130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}