Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu (ICC) pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se brit\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku dopustili z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, zjistilo Middle East Eye (MEE).<\/p>\n
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P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u\u017e dosp\u011blo k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u201edostupn\u00e9 informace poskytuj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fd z\u00e1klad k\u00a0domn\u011bnce\u201c, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed voj\u00e1ci byli po invazi 2003 odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za \u0159adu trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti osob\u00e1m ve vazb\u011b.<\/p>\n
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Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed vra\u017edy, mu\u010den\u00ed, zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed a \u201epon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed osobn\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti\u201c, uvedla<\/a> Fatou Bensouda, hlavn\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b ICC.<\/p>\n \n Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ICC ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii se v\u0161ak nezam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed tolik na \u00fadajn\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e na zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u00a0minulosti vy\u0161et\u0159ovala: kancel\u00e1\u0159 \u017ealobkyn\u011b Bensoudy chce zjistit, zda tato vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed byla skute\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n \n Objevila se \u0159ada tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee britsk\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f nebyla skute\u010dn\u00e1, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkolik b\u00fdval\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da uzav\u0159ela stovky trestn\u00edch vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se vyhnula n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ostud\u011b.<\/p>\n \n Jeden z\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f \u0159ekl novin\u00e1m BBC a Sunday Times \u2013 kter\u00e9 vedly celoro\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed -, \u00a0\u017ee byl \u201eznechucen\u201c zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm byla vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed uzav\u0159ena.<\/p>\n \n \u201eSliboval jsem jim (Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u016fm), \u017ee to nebude zameteno pod koberec, \u0159ekl<\/a>. Ale p\u0159esn\u011b to se stalo. Bylo to selh\u00e1n\u00ed britsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.\u201c<\/p>\n \n N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch b\u00fdval\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f vzneslo podobn\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n Zpr\u00e1va \u00fa\u0159adu Bensoudy uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e\u00da\u0159ad se bude sna\u017eit zjistit, zda obvin\u011bn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt od\u016fvodn\u011bna, aby mohl co nejd\u0159\u00edve dosp\u011bt ke kone\u010dn\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u0161et\u0159en\u00edm.\u201c<\/p>\n \n Dodal, \u017ee se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed vznesen\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm BBC\/Sunday Times, proto\u017ee se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee bylo u\u010din\u011bno \u00fasil\u00ed \u201echr\u00e1nit britsk\u00e9 jednotky v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku a Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu p\u0159ed trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed za sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n \n Existuj\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed z \u201e\u00famysln\u00e9ho ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed, fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\/nebo ni\u010den\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, jako\u017e i zt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo prevence n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho ukon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed se ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b.<\/p>\n \n A\u010dkoliv hlavn\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b a jej\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci mus\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed nez\u00e1visle posoudit, \u201ejev\u00ed se jim zpr\u00e1vy velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro posouzen\u00ed pravosti vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,\u201c uvedla jej\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 vysl\u00fdchaj\u00ed voj\u00e1ky<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n MEE je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 z\u00a0\u00fa\u0159adu hlavn\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b vedli v\u00a0posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch rozhovory s\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fdm voj\u00e1ky i vy\u0161et\u0159ovateli ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii.<\/p>\n \n V\u00a0\u010dervnu BBC mluvila s\u00a0\u0161\u00e9fem Service Prosecuting Authority, org\u00e1nem britsk\u00e9ho ministerstva obrany (MO), posuzuj\u00edc\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f vojensk\u00e9 policie, kter\u00fd uvedl, \u017ee je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den<\/a>, \u017ee ICC tuto z\u00e1le\u017eitost zru\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n \u017dalobkyn\u011b Bensouda v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 vydala varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vysoce kontroverzn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem, z\u00e1konem o z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch operac\u00edch<\/a>, kter\u00fd se ministerstvo obrany sna\u017e\u00ed protla\u010dit parlamentem, a\u017e se v\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd vr\u00e1t\u00ed z\u00a0letn\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n \n Nov\u011b navrhovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon by nab\u00eddl amnestii p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm britsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, kte\u0159\u00ed se dopustili z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed zaveden\u00edm \u201epresumpce proti st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u2013 za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee trestn\u00e9 \u010diny budou star\u0161\u00ed p\u011bti let.<\/p>\n \n Podle navrhovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona by se opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkalo i t\u011bch nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b vra\u017ed a mu\u010den\u00ed, ale nikoliv zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n To zalarmovalo<\/a> humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed organizace a na\u0161tvalo mnoho b\u00fdval\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, podle kter\u00fdch je to nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n Jin\u00ed kritici pouk\u00e1zali na to, \u017ee pokud bude z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1len, tak voj\u00e1k co zn\u00e1siln\u00ed a zavra\u017ed\u00ed \u017eenu, pokud slou\u017eil p\u0159ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e p\u011bti lety, by mohl b\u00fdt st\u00edh\u00e1n za jej\u00ed zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne za jej\u00ed vra\u017edu.<\/p>\n \n Za\u010d\u00e1tkem toho t\u00fddne se opozi\u010dn\u00ed labouristick\u00e1 strana proti n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona postavila s\u00a0tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee by ohrozil historick\u00fd z\u00e1vazek Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed k\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu \u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9mu na pravidlech.<\/p>\n \n ICC zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed, nejsou v\u00a0t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi form\u00e1ln\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, ale \u201ep\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u0161et\u0159en\u00edm<\/a>\u201c \u2013 zah\u00e1jen\u00fdm v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2014 \u2013 s\u00a0c\u00edlem ur\u010dit, zda obvin\u011bn\u00ed a reakce Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na n\u011b, vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pln\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n Ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed a n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch operac\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad \u017ealobkyn\u011b Bensoudy uvedl: \u201ePokud by byla p\u0159ijata takov\u00e1 vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed legislativa, \u00fa\u0159ad by musel posoudit jej\u00ed potencion\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad na schopnost org\u00e1n\u016f Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovat \/a nebo st\u00edhat trestn\u00e9 \u010diny \u00fadajn\u011b sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky britsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch sil v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku.\u201c<\/p>\n \n Pokud by nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon br\u00e1nil schopnosti Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly, mohlo by to n\u00e1sledn\u011b spustit \u00fapln\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ICC.<\/p>\n \n ICC \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed spolupracuje s\u00a0jejich p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u0161et\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Platby Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u016fm<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Ministerstvo obrany v\u0161ak odm\u00edt\u00e1 zve\u0159ejnit \u010d\u00e1stky pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 zaplatilo za vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tis\u00edc\u016f n\u00e1rok\u016f vznesen\u00fdch Ir\u00e1\u010dany, za \u00fadajn\u00e9 nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed britsk\u00fdmi jednotkami v\u00a0letech 2003 – 2009.<\/p>\n \n V\u00a0roce 2017 ministerstvo<\/a> v\u00a0reakci na \u017e\u00e1dost podanou podle britsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0informac\u00edm zve\u0159ejnilo<\/a>, \u017ee zaplatilo 19,8 milionu liber (26 milion\u016f USD) v\u00a0326 p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch britsk\u00fdm soud\u016fm. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch 1145 p\u0159\u00edpadech zaplatili brit\u0161t\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku 2,8 milionu dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n \n MEE je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee a\u017e t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny n\u00e1rok\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00edm britsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f, kter\u00e9 MO p\u0159iznalo, bylo kvalifikov\u00e1no zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd je vystavuje riziku poru\u0161en\u00ed \u017denevsk\u00fdch \u00famluv.<\/p>\n \n V\u00a0reakci na \u017e\u00e1dost MEE na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0informac\u00edm MO uvedlo, \u017ee od roku 2017 se po\u010det \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161il na v\u00edce ne\u017e 4400.<\/p>\n \n Ministerstvo ale tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed schopno prozradit v\u00fd\u0161i finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f britsk\u00fdch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyplatilo na vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee informace jsou rozpt\u00fdleny v\u00a0tis\u00edc\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00fdch soubor\u016f a jejich vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed by trvalo t\u00fddny.<\/p>\n \n \u0158ada b\u00fdval\u00fdch vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f \u0159ekla MEE, \u017ee maj\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee MO si tento \u00fadaj nep\u0159eje zve\u0159ejnit b\u011bhem protla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch operac\u00edch parlamentem.<\/p>\n \n N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci MO doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon ochr\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ovatele p\u0159ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud by se u soudu ocitli relativn\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, mohly by se objevit obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se odpov\u011bdnosti vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch velitel\u016f a ministr\u016f vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n \n Ministerstvo obrany bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b znepokojeno pozornost\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na sumu pen\u011bz britsk\u00fdch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e1 byla dosud vyplacena v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy ICC st\u00e1le prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f britsk\u00fdch jednotek.<\/p>\n \n MEE proti odm\u00edtnut\u00ed zve\u0159ejnit \u00fadaje o mimosoudn\u00edch platb\u00e1ch podalo odvol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n \n \n