{"id":560,"date":"2006-12-07T17:35:33","date_gmt":"2006-12-07T16:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/messin.tode.cz\/?p=560"},"modified":"2006-12-07T17:35:33","modified_gmt":"2006-12-07T16:35:33","slug":"jason-motlagh-cas-je-na-strane-talibanu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/?p=560","title":{"rendered":"Jason Motlagh: \u010cas je na stran\u011b Talibanu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jason Motlagh, Asia Times<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd prezident George W. Bush nedok\u00e1zal tento t\u00fdden na zased\u00e1n\u00ed NATO v\u00a0Rize dos\u00e1hnout dvou c\u00edl\u016f \u2013 v\u00edce flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jednotek pro Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n a p\u0159esunut\u00ed pozornosti zp\u011bt k\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku, kam u\u017e odm\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159ivol\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly. Pro Taliban a jeho p\u0159\u00edznivce z\u00a0toho plyne n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: \u010das m\u016f\u017ee nakonec nahlodat u\u017e nyn\u00ed v\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed alianci.<\/p>\n

NATO m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed misi mimo Evropu 32.000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nyn\u00ed bojuj\u00ed v\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edch a v\u00fdchodn\u00edch venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu proti neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b siln\u00e9mu Talibanu. Ke zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Brit\u00e1nie, Kanady a Nizozem\u00ed \u2013 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nesouc\u00edch hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1por boj\u016f \u2013 vznesly ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty n\u00e1mitky ohledn\u011b toho jak a kde mohou operovat jejich voj\u00e1ci, zat\u00edmco bojovn\u00edci odporu pokra\u010duj\u00ed v\u00a0postupu vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eTaliban, bojovn\u00edci Al-Kaidy, drogov\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci, m\u00edstn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci a krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivly z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed a anga\u017euj\u00ed se ve zni\u010den\u00ed demokracie v\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu,\u201c \u0159ekl Bush shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm v\u016fdc\u016fm. \u201eAby NATO usp\u011blo, velitel\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed prost\u0159edky a flexibilitu, aby mohli d\u011blat svou pr\u00e1ci.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u010cinitel\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee Francie, N\u011bmecko, It\u00e1lie a \u0160pan\u011blsko by mohly uvolnit n\u011bkter\u00e9 omezen\u00e9 jednotky p\u0159i bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, ale nenasad\u00ed sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky do hork\u00fdch z\u00f3n na jihu zem\u011b, kde se nejv\u00edce bojuje. Polsko je jedinou zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je v\u00a0nov\u00e9m roce ochotn\u00e1 poslat voj\u00e1ky nav\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky nar\u016fst\u00e1 rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Kanada poskytla 2.500 voj\u00e1k\u016f a musela v\u00a0posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch sn\u00e1\u0161et nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed. V\u00fdbuch bomby v\u00a0automobilu, kter\u00fd minul\u00e9\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed usmrtil dva kanadsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky v\u00a0provincii Kandahar, zv\u00fd\u0161il leto\u0161n\u00ed celkov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty tohoto kontingentu na 36 mu\u017e\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159itom nastala pot\u00e9, co se jednotky Kanady toto l\u00e9to p\u0159em\u00edstily do ji\u017en\u00edch provinci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eZem\u011b jako Kanada\u2026 m\u00e1 naprost\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee m\u00e1 za sv\u00fdmi z\u00e1dy spojence, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud se dostane do pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0podporou cel\u00e9ho NATO\u201c, \u0159ekl zpravodaj\u016fm Daniel Fried, n\u00e1m\u011bstek americk\u00e9ho ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Dodal bez obalu, \u017ee Kanada zaplatila mezi \u010dleny NATO \u201etvrdou cenu.\u201c<\/p>\n

N\u011bmecko se v\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu honos\u00ed 2.700 voj\u00e1ky, jenom\u017ee tito z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed omezen\u00ed sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm mand\u00e1tem v\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech na severu zem\u011b v\u00a0okol\u00ed m\u011bst Maz\u00e1re \u0160ar\u00edf, Kunduz a Faizabad. Podle pozorovatel\u016f by tato rozporuplnost mohla zas\u00edt z\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a nelibost mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed spolupracovat p\u0159i odr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed vzpoury a rychl\u00e9 rekonstrukci. Ob\u00e1van\u00fdm symptomem je obava z dom\u00e1c\u00edho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude s\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi bojov\u00fdmi akcemi a vojensk\u00fdm zapojen\u00edm st\u00e1le v\u00edce zatrpkl\u00e9 a rozho\u0159\u010den\u00e9, co\u017e by mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159edehra ke sta\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bez ohledu na podnikan\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed je p\u0159eskupen\u00fd kontingent Talibanu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 odhadem na 10.000 bojovn\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159ipraven\u00a0bojovat proti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm sil\u00e1m na \u201ep\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c \u00farovni i p\u0159es zimu a d\u00e1le tak dlouhou dobu, na jakou se Z\u00e1pad rozhodne krv\u00e1cet. Jeden z\u00a0velitel\u016f Mullah Obaidullah ve \u010dtvrtek varoval, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e9 nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jednotek NATO \u201eTaliban netr\u00e1p\u00ed, ale naopak se n\u00e1m na n\u011b bude l\u00e9pe \u00fato\u010dit.\u201c<\/p>\n

Tohle nejsou jen sil\u00e1ck\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. Po\u010det \u00fatok\u016f sebevrah\u016f a v\u00fdbuch\u016f u okraj\u016f silnic zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch proti ciz\u00edm jednotk\u00e1m a vl\u00e1dn\u00edm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm se tento rok zv\u00fd\u0161il \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t a\u017e na 600 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. N\u00e1sil\u00ed bylo zaznamen\u00e1no ve v\u0161ech 34 provinci\u00edch krom\u011b dvou. Podle \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f zem\u0159elo p\u0159i akc\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se vzbou\u0159enci tento rok 3.700 a\u017e 4.000 lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm 186 voj\u00e1k\u016f koalice.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo p\u011bti letech neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho boje s\u00a0ciz\u00edmi jednotkami se Taliban stal silnou vojenskou silou stejn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b jako nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1da\u201c, \u0159ekl velitel Obaidullah, kter\u00fd ujistil, \u017ee pokud to bude pot\u0159eba, jeho bojovn\u00edci mohou pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0boji dal\u0161\u00edch 20 let. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 p\u0159est\u0159elky mezi jednotkami NATO a Talibanu v\u00a0provinci\u00edch Kandahar a Helmand b\u011bhem tohoto l\u00e9ta \u2013 nejdivo\u010dej\u0161\u00ed od svr\u017een\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy hnut\u00ed Ameri\u010dany vedenou invaz\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2001 \u2013 prop\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed tomuto tvrzen\u00ed jistou v\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Ale veden\u00ed Talibanu se p\u0159i pokusech vyhnat jednotky NATO st\u00e1le spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na asymetrickou taktiku zalo\u017eenou na historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Dv\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kampan\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 intenzity proti Brit\u016fm v 19.stolet\u00ed a Rus\u016fm v 80.letech jim udr\u017eely v\u00a0mysli geografick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. A bezpr\u00e1vn\u00e9 oblasti v\u00a0afgh\u00e1nsko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se staly \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm zast\u00e1nc\u016fm tvrd\u00e9 linie a Al-Kaidy Us\u00e1my bin L\u00e1dina, slou\u017e\u00ed do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne jako z\u00e1zem\u00ed a z\u00e1kladna par excellence<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed vrchn\u00ed velitel Mullah Dadullah \u0159ekl v\u00a0\u010dervenci 2005 televizi Al-Jazeera: \u201ena\u0161\u00ed taktikou je nyn\u00ed ude\u0159 a ute\u010d; \u00fato\u010d\u00edme na zaru\u010den\u00e9\/jist\u00e9 c\u00edle, zabijeme tam nep\u0159\u00e1tele All\u00e1ha a ustoup\u00edme do bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen v\u00a0hor\u00e1ch, abychom na\u0161e mud\u017e\u00e1hidy ochr\u00e1nili.\u201c<\/p>\n

P\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tajn\u00e1 podpora Talibanu za \u00fa\u010delem destabilizace sv\u00e9ho souseda nen\u00ed v\u00a0kruz\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm, stejn\u011b jako korupce hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 v\u00a0afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 v\u016fdce a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavitele, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zapojeni vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edho obchodu s\u00a0narkotiky. Afgh\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echny tyto faktory jsou propojen\u00e9 a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161eny z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00a0p\u0159estavbou zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 je rozbit\u00e1 30 lety v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Ale zat\u00edmco Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty volaj\u00ed po v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f NATO a palebn\u00e9 s\u00edly, kritici nam\u00edtaj\u00ed, \u017ee up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f p\u0159ed v\u00fddaji na rekonstrukci Bushova administrativa ochromuje \u00fasil\u00ed o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed mysl\u00ed a srdc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch lid\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odhad\u016f st\u00e1ly vojensk\u00e9 operace 82,5 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco na v\u00fdvoj bylo d\u00e1no pouze 7.3 miliardy. Co\u017e je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd rozd\u00edl 900 procent.<\/p>\n

\u201eVojensk\u00e1 s\u00edla v\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu je pochopitelnou \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00a0proti povstaleck\u00e9 strategii, ale nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt strategi\u00ed jedinou a p\u0159estane fungovat, pokud bude zredukov\u00e1na na boj typu \u201eje to norm\u00e1lka,\u201c tvrd\u00ed posledn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed krizov\u00e9 skupiny. \u201eTouha po rychl\u00e9 a levn\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 rychl\u00fdm a levn\u00fdm m\u00edrem p\u0159inesla Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu dar zv\u00fd\u0161en\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 situace.\u201c<\/p>\n

P\u0159il\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm oleje do ohn\u011b je rekordn\u00ed produkce drog, kterou americk\u00fd gener\u00e1l James Jones naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Achillovou patou Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. Narkotika nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed asi polovinu HDP, co\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1 tento rok 2.7 miliardy. V\u00a0roce 2007 se \u010dek\u00e1 \u00faroda je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Taliban opustil sv\u016fj protidrogov\u00fd postoj z\u00a0minulosti, proto\u017ee up\u0159ednostnil v\u00fdhody spolupr\u00e1ce se s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159ekupn\u00edk\u016f a p\u011bstitel\u016f v\u00fdm\u011bnou za \u00faplatky financuj\u00edc\u00ed jeho vzpouru. To jim dovoluje platit v\u00edce, ne\u017e je schopna rekrut\u016fm nab\u00eddnout za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1da a policie.<\/p>\n

Podle nov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy OSN a Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky je za neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed po masivn\u00edm z\u00e1sahu proti obchodu s drogami americk\u00e9 a evropsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d daleko od i jen mal\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed produkce drog a m\u00edsto toho ubli\u017euje chud\u00fdm. P\u011bstitel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou kv\u016fli rostouc\u00ed nez\u00e1konnosti neust\u00e1le nuceni upl\u00e1cet m\u00edstn\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zni\u010den\u00ed sv\u00fdch pol\u00ed mus\u00ed zadlu\u017eovat a sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed do je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chudoby. Aby zaplatili v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9 dluhy, mus\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vysadit m\u00e1k znovu; v jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mus\u00ed kv\u016fli procent\u016fm vyhnat kokuren\u010dn\u00ed kartely.<\/p>\n

Podle vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f OSN by odstran\u011bn\u00ed probl\u00e9mu mohlo trvat desetilet\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Taliban vypad\u00e1 den ode dne siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159eklad Messin, 7.12. 2006 <\/em>ZDROJ<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jason Motlagh, Asia Times Americk\u00fd prezident George W. Bush nedok\u00e1zal tento t\u00fdden na zased\u00e1n\u00ed NATO v\u00a0Rize dos\u00e1hnout dvou c\u00edl\u016f \u2013 v\u00edce flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jednotek pro Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n a p\u0159esunut\u00ed pozornosti zp\u011bt k\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku, kam u\u017e odm\u00edt\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}