{"id":869,"date":"2005-12-07T17:35:07","date_gmt":"2005-12-07T16:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/messin.tode.cz\/?p=869"},"modified":"2005-12-07T17:35:07","modified_gmt":"2005-12-07T16:35:07","slug":"john-laughland-proces-s-milosevicem-je-fraska-a-vysmech-pravu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/?p=869","title":{"rendered":"John Laughland: Proces s Milo\u0161evi\u010dem je fra\u0161ka a v\u00fdsm\u011bch pr\u00e1vu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>John Laughland, The Spectator (Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u010d p\u0159edb\u011bhnul svou dobu. Kdy\u017e se poprv\u00e9 objevil v soudn\u00ed s\u00edni Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho tribun\u00e1lu pro b\u00fdvalou Jugosl\u00e1vii v Haagu, tak prezident GeorgeW. Bush sotva sta\u010dil zah\u0159\u00e1t sv\u00e9 k\u0159eslo ve sv\u00e9 ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 pracovn\u011b. V\u00e1lka \u201eproti terorismu\u201c se teprve t\u0159pytila v o\u010d\u00edch Dicka Cheneyho, \u00fatoky 9\/11 na WTC je\u0161t\u011b nenastaly, invaze do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a Ir\u00e1ku le\u017eely v budoucnosti, mu\u010den\u00ed v Abu Ghraib a zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed muslimsk\u00fdch povstalc\u016f ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei chemick\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi bylo doposud nezn\u00e1m\u00e9. Slobostr\u00e1vil posledn\u00edch deset let bojem a pom\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm boji proti muslimsk\u00fdm povstalc\u016fm, nejprve v Bosn\u011b a pozd\u011bji v Kosovu. Ale jedin\u00fd vd\u011bk, kter\u00e9ho se mu dostalo, je jeho \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9 v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed v Holandsku.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ur\u010dit\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uje k do\u017eivotn\u00edmu trestu. T\u0159eba\u017ee b\u00fdval\u00e1 hlava jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v\u017edy obhajovala svou nevinu a produkovala mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011bdk\u016f k jej\u00edmu prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, tak soud nepl\u00e1nuje skon\u010dit d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e v roce 2010. Tribun\u00e1l je se sv\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 300 mili\u00f3n\u016f USD ro\u010dn\u011b nepochybn\u011b pohodln\u00fdm a v\u00fdnosn\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159adem pro zapojen\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00edky, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u011bla doma dost ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry. Av\u0161ak tento dlouh\u00fd soud je tak\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00fdsm\u011bchem pr\u00e1vu: Norimbersk\u00e9 procesy trvaly jen n\u011bco p\u0159es 10 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, od 20.listopadu 1945 do 30.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1946.<\/p>\n<p>Jak se proces nemilosrdn\u011b t\u00e1hne a pouze ob\u017ealoba zabrala dva roky, tak se jev\u00ed st\u00e1le o\u010dividn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00edci z\u00e1pas\u00ed s neuskute\u010dniteln\u00fdm \u00fakolem\/probl\u00e9mem p\u0159ev\u00e9st propagandu z\u00e1padn\u00edch politik\u016f do pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, kter\u00e1 by ust\u00e1la soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak by se mohli pokou\u0161et prok\u00e1zat existenci zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed v Ir\u00e1ku. Soud vyslechnul v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 sv\u011bdk\u016f ob\u017ealoby a ani jedin\u00fd nepotvrdil, \u017ee by Milo\u0161evi\u010d na\u0159\u00eddil v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny. Naopak: zrovna minul\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd sv\u011bd\u010dil muslimsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1n jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, \u017ee nikdo z jeho jednotky se nikdy nedopustil systematick\u00e9ho t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed alb\u00e1nsk\u00fdch civilist\u016f v Kosovu, a \u017ee tak\u00e9 nikdy nesly\u0161el, \u017ee by se toho dopou\u0161t\u011bla n\u011bjak\u00e1 jin\u00e1 jednotka. Dne 9.listopadu 2005 sv\u011bd\u010dil b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f bezpe\u010dnosti v jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b, gener\u00e1l a etnick\u00fd Ma\u010far Geza Farkas, \u017ee v\u0161ichni voj\u00e1ci v Kosovu obdr\u017eeli dokument vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed jim mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, a \u017ee jim bylo p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1no vzep\u0159\u00edt se jak\u00fdmkoliv rozkaz\u016fm, kter\u00e9 by s n\u00edm byly rozporu. Jak\u00fd kontrast s prax\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy!<\/p>\n<p>M\u00edsto toho, aby se dostalo tr\u00e1pen\u00ed tribun\u00e1lu na povrch skrz lhostejn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, jsou nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b Srbov\u00e9 vystaveni odporn\u00fdm provokac\u00edm. V b\u0159eznu obvinil tribun\u00e1l p\u0159edsedu vl\u00e1dy Kosova \u2013 Ramushe Haradinaje. Tento b\u00fdval\u00fd velitel Kosovsk\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (UCK\/KLA) je sv\u00fdmi druhy l\u00e1skypln\u011b p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00fd \u201esmile\u201c (\u00fasm\u011bv). Spole\u010dn\u011b s mnoha jin\u00fdmi krutostmi obvin\u011bn\u00ed popisuje, jak v srpnu 1998 Haradinaj\u016fv z\u00e1stupce a spoluobvin\u011bn\u00fd Idriz Balaj, kter\u00fd velel polovojensk\u00e9 jednotce \u201e\u010cern\u00ed orli\u201c, umu\u010dil t\u0159i kosovsk\u00e9 cik\u00e1ny k smrti. Podle obvin\u011bn\u00ed, tito odv\u00e1\u017en\u00ed bojovn\u00edci za svobodu, na jejich\u017e stran\u011b pozd\u011bji bojovalo NATO, nejprve jedn\u00e9 ze zadr\u017een\u00fdch osob u\u0159\u00edzli nos, \u0159ezali je do krku, pa\u017e\u00ed a stehen, vt\u00edrali s\u016fl do jejich zran\u011bn\u00ed, za\u0161\u00edvali jim r\u00e1ny jehlou, zabalili t\u0159i mu\u017ee do ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu, ostny z dr\u00e1tu vrazili do masa pomoc\u00ed \u201en\u00e1stroj\u016f\u201c, pot\u00e9 je p\u0159iv\u00e1zali za motorov\u00e9 vozidlo a t\u00e1hli je, dokud nezem\u0159eli. V \u010dervnu stejn\u00fd tribun\u00e1l, kter\u00fd odm\u00edtnulMilo\u0161evi\u010dovu \u017e\u00e1dost o soudn\u00ed kauci, dovolil panu Haradinajovi n\u00e1vrat dom\u016f, aby tam \u010dekal na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po tom, co str\u00e1vil v Haagu \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n<p>U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho soudu by se Milo\u0161evi\u010d\u016fv proces u\u017e d\u00e1vno zhroutil. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u010dervenci 2004 neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b zem\u0159el p\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159edseda soudu Richard May. Od t\u00e9 doby jsou jen t\u0159i soudci, a to se prakticky rovn\u00e1 situaci, jakoby zmizeli n\u00e1hle \u010dty\u0159i porotci, co\u017e by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zp\u016fsobilo v norm\u00e1ln\u00edm trestn\u00edm procesu opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nebo restartov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadu. Soudci jsou tak p\u0159ipraveni z\u00edskat navrch nad sv\u00fdm cenn\u00fdm obvin\u011bn\u00fdm, \u017ee dokonce rozhodli, \u017ee proces m\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1le i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud mu nemoc znemo\u017en\u00ed obhajovat se s\u00e1m v soudn\u00ed s\u00edni. Soudci sami p\u0159ipustili, \u017ee jejich rozhodnut\u00ed nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed precedens, ale z\u00e1konnost je nikdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neobt\u011b\u017eovala. V roce 2001 poMilo\u0161evi\u010dov\u011b p\u0159evozu do Haagu nap\u0159\u00edklad soudci dovolili p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch obvin\u011bn\u00ed do ob\u017ealoby, t\u0159eba\u017ee toto poru\u0161uje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed princip vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt souzen za jin\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed, ne\u017e kv\u016fli kter\u00fdm byl p\u016fvodn\u011b vyd\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Transparentnost se v\u016fbec net\u011b\u0161\u00ed u soudc\u016f n\u011bjak\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu: kdy\u017e jsem osobn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dal, aby mi uk\u00e1zali l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd d\u016fkaz, kter\u00fd jak oni prohla\u0161ovali, ukazuje, \u017ee Milo\u0161evi\u010d je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nemocn\u00fd, aby se mohl s\u00e1m obhajovat, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 ne tak nemocn\u00fd, aby bylo od procesu upu\u0161t\u011bno, bylo mi \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee je to tajn\u00e9\/d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9. A kdy\u017e se Milo\u0161evi\u010d v \u00fater\u00fd h\u00e1jil, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nemocn\u00fd, aby pokra\u010doval, p\u0159edseda soudu Patrick Robinson jednodu\u0161e vy\u0161t\u011bkl \u201ejste hluch\u00fd? \u0158ekl jsem v\u00e1m, a\u0165 p\u0159edvol\u00e1te dal\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bdka.\u201c P\u0159esto, krom\u011b hrub\u00e9ho poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel spravedliv\u00e9ho procesu, kter\u00e9 tribun\u00e1l p\u00e1ch\u00e1, ukazuje Milo\u0161evi\u010d\u016fvsoud tak\u00e9 marnou snahu pod\u0159\u00eddit trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo politick\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm. Proto\u017ee se sna\u017e\u00ed pochopit v\u00e1lku jako v\u00fdsledek rozhodnut\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f, a ne jako d\u016fsledek konfliktu mezi st\u00e1ty, modern\u00ed humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vid\u00ed stromy, ne lesy. V Milo\u0161evi\u010dov\u011b procesu je role dal\u0161\u00edch jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00e1lky, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sili odd\u011blen\u00ed od Jugosl\u00e1vie, hrub\u011b zatemn\u011bn\u00e1. Stejn\u011b jako role nespo\u010detn\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch politik\u016f a instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zapojeny v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9ho konfliktu a kter\u00e9 povzbuzovaly odtr\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed soud s b\u00fdvalou hlavou st\u00e1tu od procesu s mar\u0161\u00e1lem P\u00e9tainem tak sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e Norimberk p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pon\u011bkud neslavn\u00fd soud ve vichistick\u00e9 Francii v roce 1942. Tehdy se m\u011bs\u00edce soud sna\u017eil demonstrovat, \u017ee Edouard Daladier, L\u00e9on Blum a dal\u0161\u00ed, byli trestn\u011b provinil\u00ed vta\u017een\u00edm nep\u0159ipraven\u00e9 Francie do v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc m\u00edsto toho, aby individualizovaly vinu, haagsk\u00e9 procesy ve skute\u010dnosti posiluj\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed viny, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly rozpt\u00fdlit. Ankety ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Srbov\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nen\u00e1vist k tribun\u00e1lu v Haagu, ne\u017e k NATO, vojensk\u00e9 alianci, kter\u00e1 je bombardovala v roce 1999: lid\u00e9 sn\u00e1ze p\u0159ijmou vojenskou por\u00e1\u017eku od siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho soupe\u0159e, ne\u017e pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n<p>Antropologie n\u00e1s u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e vypukne n\u00e1sil\u00ed, tak se rozto\u010d\u00ed spir\u00e1la, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee je ob\u011bt\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010d je proto v zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00edmu hozen\u00ed kamenem. Tak\u017ee zat\u00edmco Norimberk rozhodl, \u017ee v\u00e1lka by nikdy nem\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt, tak sou\u010dasn\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fatoky NATO na bosensk\u00e9 Srby v roce 1995 a na Jugosl\u00e1vii v roce 1999 byly konec konc\u016f opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u011b tyto v\u00e1lky NATO byly vedeny bez souhlasu Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN a tak poskytly leg\u00e1ln\u00ed precedens pro \u00fatok na Ir\u00e1k v roce 2003.<\/p>\n<p><em>p\u0159elo\u017eil Messin, 7.12. 2005<\/em><\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/index.thtml<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>John Laughland, The Spectator (Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie) Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u010d p\u0159edb\u011bhnul svou dobu. Kdy\u017e se poprv\u00e9 objevil v soudn\u00ed s\u00edni Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho tribun\u00e1lu pro b\u00fdvalou Jugosl\u00e1vii v Haagu, tak prezident GeorgeW. Bush sotva sta\u010dil zah\u0159\u00e1t sv\u00e9 k\u0159eslo&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=869"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/messin.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}